Inverters ndeyeboka rakakura revashanduri vane static, iyo inosanganisira mazhinji anhasi's zvishandiso zvinokwanisa“convert”magetsi parameters mukuisa, senge voltage uye frequency, kuitira kuti ibudise inobuda inoenderana nezvinodiwa nemutoro.

Kazhinji kutaura, ma inverters ndiwo midziyo inokwanisa kushandura yakananga ikozvino kuita alternating ikozvino uye yakajairika mumaindasitiri otomatiki maapplication uye emagetsi madhiraivha.Iyo dhizaini uye dhizaini yemhando dzakasiyana inverter inoshanduka zvichienderana nechero chaiyo application, kunyangwe iyo musimboti wechinangwa chavo chikuru chakafanana (DC kuAC kutendeuka).

1.Standalone uye Grid-Yakabatanidzwa Inverters

Inverters anoshandiswa mu photovoltaic application ane nhoroondo akakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri makuru:

:Standalone inverters

:Grid-yakabatana inverters

Standalone inverters ndeye maapplication ayo PV chirimwa chisina kubatana kune huru simba rekugovera network.Iyo inverter inokwanisa kupa simba remagetsi kumitoro yakabatana, kuve nechokwadi chekugadzikana kweiyo huru yemagetsi parameter (voltage uye frequency).Izvi zvinovachengeta mukati memiganho yakafanotsanangurwa, vanokwanisa kushingirira kuremerwa kwechinguvana mamiriro.Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, inverter inosanganiswa nebhatiri rekuchengetedza system kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chekuenderana kwesimba rekupa.

Grid-yakabatana inverters, kune rumwe rutivi, inokwanisa kuwiriranisa negetsi giredhi kwainobatanidzwa nekuti, mune iyi kesi, voltage uye frequency zviri.“kuiswa”negridi huru.Aya ma inverters anofanirwa kukwanisa kudzima kana grid hombe ikatadza kuitira kudzivirira chero chinogoneka chinodzosera gidhi huru, iyo inogona kumiririra njodzi yakakomba.

Mufananidzo 1 - Muenzaniso weStandalone system uye Grid-yakabatana system.Mufananidzo nerubatsiro rweBible.

2.Ndeipi Basa reBhasi Capacitor

Chinangwa che inverter ndechekushandura DC waveform voltage kuita chiratidzo che AC kuitira kuti ubaye simba mumutoro (semuenzaniso gidhi remagetsi) pane yakapihwa frequency uye ine diki chikamu angle (φ ≈0).Dunhu rakareruka rechikamu chimwe chete unipolar Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) inoratidzwa mumufananidzo.2 (iyo yakafanana chirongwa chinogona kuwedzerwa kune matatu chikamu system).Muchirongwa ichi, PV system, inoshanda seDC voltage sosi ine imwe sosi inductance, inoumbwa kuita chiratidzo cheAC kuburikidza neina IGBT switch inowirirana nefreewheeling diode.Aya maswiti anodzorwa pagedhi kuburikidza nePWM chiratidzo, icho chinowanzo kubuda kweIC iyo inoenzanisa inotakura wave (kazhinji sine wave yeinodiwa inobuda frequency) uye referensi wave pane yakanyanya kukwirira frequency (kazhinji katatu wave. pa5-20kHz).Kubuda kweIGBTs kwakaumbwa kuita chiratidzo che AC chakakodzera kushandiswa kana jekiseni regidhi kuburikidza nekushandiswa kweakasiyana topologies eLC mafirita.

Wana Quote

Mufananidzo 2: Pulsed Width Modulation (PWM) imwe-chikamuinverter kugadzirisa.Iyo IGBT inochinja, pamwe neLC inobuda sefa, gadzira iyo DC yekuisa chiratidzo kuita inoshandisika AC chiratidzo.Izvi zvinokurudzira aDeleterious voltage ripple mhiri kwePV terminals.Bhazicapacitor yakakura kuitira kuderedza ripple iyi.

Kushanda kweIGBTs kunosuma ripple voltage pane terminal yePV array.Ripple iyi inodzima kushanda kwePV system, sezvo iro zita remagetsi rinoiswa kumaterminals richifanirwa kubatwa pa max power point (MPP) yeIV curve kuitira kuti ibvise simba rakawanda.Voltage ripple paPV terminals inotenderedza simba rakabviswa kubva muhurongwa, zvichikonzera

yakaderera avhareji simba kubuda (Mufananidzo 3).A capacitor inowedzerwa mubhazi kuitira kuti igadzirise iyo voltage ripple.

Mufananidzo 3: Voltage ripple yakaunzwa paPV terminals nePWM inverter scheme inoshandura iyo yakashandiswa voltage kubva pane max power point (MPP) yePV array.Izvi zvinounza ripple mune simba rekubuda kweiyo array kuitira kuti avhareji yekubuda simba ive yakaderera pane yezita MPP.

Iyo amplitude (peak to peak) yevoltage ripple inotarwa neiyo switching frequency, PV voltage, bhazi capacitance, uye sefa inductance zvinoenderana ne:

kupi:

VPV ndiyo solar panel DC voltage,

Cbus ndiko kugona kwebhazi capacitor,

L ndiyo inductance yemasefa inductors,

fPWM ndiyo inoshandura frequency.

Equation (1) inoshanda kune yakanaka capacitor inodzivirira kuchaja kuyerera kuburikidza necapacitor panguva yekuchaja uyezve inoburitsa simba riri mundima yemagetsi pasina chinopikisa.Muchokwadi, hapana capacitor yakanaka (Mufananidzo 4) asi inoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda.Pamusoro peiyo yakanakira capacitance, iyo dielectric haina kunyatso dzivirira uye diki inodonha ikozvino inoyerera kubva kune anode kuenda kune cathode pamwe neinogumira shunt kuramba (Rsh), ichipfuura iyo dielectric capacitance (C).Kana ikozvino kuburikidza necapacitor iri kuyerera, mapini, mafoils, uye dielectric hazvisi kunyatsoita uye kune yakaenzana inoteedzana kuramba (ESR) munhevedzano ine capacitance.Chekupedzisira, iyo capacitor inochengeta rimwe simba mundima yemagineti, saka kune yakaenzana yakatevedzana inductance (ESL) munhevedzano ine capacitance uye ESR.

Mufananidzo 4: Yakaenzana dunhu re generic capacitor.A capacitor ndiyoinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda zvisina kunaka, zvinosanganisira dielectric capacitance (C), isingaverengeki shunt resistance kuburikidza nedielectric inodarika capacitor, series resistance (ESR), uye series inductance (ESL).

Kunyangwe muchikamu chinoratidzika kunge chakareruka se capacitor, kune akawanda maelementi anogona kutadza kana kudzikisira.Chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu izvi chinogona kukanganisa maitiro eiyo inverter, ese ari paAC uye DC mativi.Kuti uone kukanganisa kwezvisiri-zvakanakira capacitor zvikamu zvine pane voltage ripple yakaunzwa paPV terminals, PWM unipolar H-bhiriji inverter (Mufananidzo 2) yakatevedzerwa uchishandisa SPICE.Iyo sefa capacitors uye inductors inobatwa pa250µF uye 20mH, zvichiteerana.Iyo SPICE modhi yeIGBTs inotorwa kubva kubasa raPetrie et al.Chiratidzo chePWM, icho chinodzora IGBT switches, inotarirwa neanoenzanisa uye inverting comparator circuit yekumusoro uye yakaderera-side IGBT switches, maererano.Iko kupinza kwePWM kudzora ndeye 9.5V, 60Hz sine carrier wave uye 10V, 10kHz katatu wave.